Multi-level architecture

"There is increasing evidence that imagination relies on similar neural mechanisms as externally triggered perception. 

"This overlap presents a challenge for perceptual reality monitoring: deciding what is real and what is imagined. 

"Here, we explore how perceptual reality monitoring might be implemented in the brain. We first describe sensory and cognitive factors that could dissociate imagery and perception and conclude that no single factor unambiguously signals whether an experience is internally or externally generated. 

"We suggest that reality monitoring is implemented by higher-level cortical circuits that evaluate first-order sensory and cognitive factors to determine the source of sensory signals. 

"According to this interpretation, perceptual reality monitoring shares core computations with metacognition. 


"We discuss avenues for future research to further our understanding of perceptual reality monitoring, an endeavor that has important implications for our understanding of clinical symptoms as well as general cognitive function."


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