Nearly Optimal List Labeling: See-Saw Algorithm

"The list-labeling problem captures the basic task of storing a dynamically changing set of up to n elements in sorted order in an array of size m=(1+Θ(1))n. 

"Until recently, the best known upper bound stood at O(log2n) amortized cost. This bound, which was first established in 1981, was finally improved two years ago, when a randomized O(log3/2n) expected-cost algorithm was discovered. 

"The best randomized lower bound for this problem remains Ω(logn), and closing this gap is considered to be a major open problem in data structures.

"In this paper, we present the See-Saw Algorithm, a randomized list-labeling solution that achieves a nearly optimal bound of O(lognpolyloglogn) amortized expected cost. 

"This bound is achieved despite at least three lower bounds showing that this type of result is impossible for large classes of solutions." 

     

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