Neural cellular automata


"Robot collectives were envisioned by science fiction writers such as Stanisłav Lem in the 1960s and started to become reality in the ’90s. 

"Josh Bongard, a robotics researcher at the University of Vermont, said NCAs could design robots that work so closely together that they cease to be a mere swarm and become a unified organism. 'You imagine, like, a writhing ball of insects or bugs or cells,' he said. 'They’re crawling over each other and remodeling all the time. That’s what multicellularity is really like. And it seems —I mean, it’s still early days —but it seems like that might be a good way to go for robotics.'

"To that end, Hartl, Levin and Andreas Zöttl, a physicist at the University of Vienna, have trained virtual robots —a string of beads in a simulated pond —to wriggle like a tadpole. 'This is a super-robust architecture for letting them swim,' Hartl said."



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