site:.edu site surveillance eye-tracking

✨AI Mode

"Research at universities with .edu domains shows that eye-tracking technology is used for academic purposes but raises significant privacy concerns when used for surveillance. Academic papers discuss a range of applications, including monitoring students during exams, analyzing data for security, and studying the privacy implications of increasingly widespread, low-cost eye-tracking devices. 

"Academic surveillance of students
"Eye-tracking is used in educational settings to monitor students and verify academic integrity, especially in online or virtual learning environments.
  • Online exam proctoring: During virtual exams, webcam-based eye-tracking is used to detect and prevent cheating. The software monitors a student's gaze to ensure they are looking at the screen and not at external materials. Virginia Tech's Tech4Humanity Lab published papers discussing the rise of this type of 'gaze-tracking' for exam proctoring.
  • Behavioral analysis: Eye-tracking can be used to study and analyze student behavior and cognitive processes. Research conducted at the University of Pennsylvania, for instance, used a webcam-based eye-tracker to examine the online thought patterns of neurodivergent students while reading. 
"Eye-tracking and security operations
"University-affiliated research has explored the use of eye-tracking to enhance security and improve human-computer interaction in security settings.
  • Operator performance: A study from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University investigated using eye-tracking as an input method for security operators who need to monitor and switch between multiple camera feeds quickly. The research demonstrated that gaze-based control could increase speed and free up an operator's hands for other tasks.
  • Predictive analysis: Virginia Tech's Tech4Humanity Lab noted that eye-tracking could potentially provide security benefits, such as locating criminals. Research cited by the lab found a correlation between a potential robber's gaze patterns on a street and the likelihood of a robbery occurring.
  • Hardware development: American University's EdSpace featured a project called Oculomatic, an open-source eye-tracking solution. This project explicitly notes its hardware uses 'affordable lens options from the surveillance sector,' highlighting a crossover between academic tools and surveillance technology. 
"Privacy and ethical concerns
"Academic research into eye-tracking also heavily focuses on the significant privacy and ethical issues that arise with surveillance applications.
  • Information leakage: Papers published by Georgetown Law and in the proceedings of the Ubicomp conference discuss how pervasive eye-tracking could become ubiquitous like webcams, but with more profound privacy implications. Unlike with a webcam, it is not always obvious what eye-tracking data reveals. This data can expose highly personal information, such as attention, emotions, and personal preferences, violating informational privacy.
  • Biometric privacy concerns: A paper from the University of Colorado Law explored the new biometric privacy issues stemming from eye-tracking in virtual reality (VR) headsets. VR headsets record extensive eye activity, which could be collected and resold to third-party advertisers. Eye-tracking data often does not fit neatly into older definitions of 'biometric data,' creating a legal gray area.
  • Workplace monitoring: The Brookings Institution, a think tank, published an article mentioning how some organizations use webcam-based eye-tracking to monitor employee attentiveness. This technology can monitor eye movements, facial expressions, and other biometrics to evaluate employee engagement and can be used for disciplinary action.
  • Artist interpretation: A journal from the University of Colorado Boulder featured an art project that explored the themes of surveillance and eye-tracking, emphasizing how personal data is constantly generated, captured, and reused in the public sphere. 
✨"AI Mode [no disclaimer visible]"
  1. [This ai_mode displayed two links, one for Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and one for University of Colorado Boulder…]
  2. [The phrase, To evaluate employee engagement and can be used for disciplinary action, sounds concerning…]
  3. [VR headsets record extensive eye activity, which could be collected and resold to third-party advertisers also rings warning bells…]
  4. [Unlike with a webcam, it is not always obvious what eye-tracking data reveals, but we wouldn't use that data indiscriminately or feed the data to an LLM would we…]
  5. [Lab found a correlation between a potential robber's gaze patterns on a street and the likelihood of a robbery occurring seems like icing on the surveillance cake at this point…]
  6. [If one could examine the online thought patterns of neurodivergent students while reading, one could then read their minds?]


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