On Linguistic Capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs)

"Work within the enactive approach to cognitive science makes clear that, rather than a distinct and complete thing, language is a means or way of acting. 

"Languaging is not the kind of thing that can admit of a complete or comprehensive modelling. 

"From an enactive perspective we identify three key characteristics of enacted language— 
  1. Embodiment, 
  2. Participation, and 
  3. Precariousness, 
"—that are absent in LLMs, and likely incompatible in principle with current architectures. 

"We argue that these absences imply that LLMs are not now and cannot in their present form be linguistic agents the way humans are. 

"We illustrate the point in particular through the phenomenon of 'algospeak,' a recently described pattern of high stakes human language activity in heavily controlled online environments. 

"On the basis of these points, we conclude that sensational and misleading claims about LLM agency and capabilities emerge from a deep misconception of both what human language is and what LLMs are." 


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